Display device and electronic apparatus

ABSTRACT

[Object] To make it possible to improve viewing angle characteristics more. 
     [Solution] Provided is a display device including: a plurality of light emitting sections formed on a substrate; and a color filter provided on the light emitting section to correspond to each of the plurality of light emitting sections. The light emitting sections and the color filters are arranged such that, in at least a partial region in a display surface, a relative misalignment between a center of a luminescence surface of the light emitting section and a center of the color filter corresponding to the light emitting section is created in a plane perpendicular to a stacking direction.

CROSS REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a Continuation Application of patent applicationSer. No. 16/854,309, filed Apr. 21, 2020, which is a ContinuationApplication of patent application Ser. No. 16/080,089, filed Aug. 27,2018, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,684,401, issued on Jun. 16, 2020, which isthe U.S. national stage entry under 35 U.S.C. § 371 of InternationalApplication No. PCT/JP2017/008961, filed Mar. 7, 2017, which claimspriority to Japanese Patent Application JP 2016-069879 filed in theJapan Patent Office on Mar. 31, 2016, the entire contents of which beingincorporated herein by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates to a display device and an electronicapparatus.

BACKGROUND ART

Various technologies to improve viewing angle characteristics in adisplay device are developed. For example, Patent Literature 1 disclosesa display device that expresses white or a neutral color by color mixingof self-luminous elements of a plurality of simple colors (red, green,and blue) and in which the distance from an end of a luminescence regionto an end of an opening of a light blocking layer that is provided onthe luminescence region is different between a red luminescence region,a green luminescence region, and a blue luminescence region. In thedisplay device described in Patent Literature 1, the rate of luminancereduction by the light blocking of the light blocking layer can bevaried between colors by appropriately setting the areas of the openingsof the light blocking layers, and thus the differences in viewing anglecharacteristics between colors can be reduced. Therefore, thechromaticity change of white or a neutral color due to viewing anglescan be suppressed.

CITATION LIST Patent Literature

Patent Literature 1: JP 2011-40352A

DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION Technical Problem

Here, these days, a display device having a display surface with arelatively small area (hereinafter, occasionally referred to as simply asmall-sized display device, for the sake of simplicity), such as ahead-mounted display (HMD) or an electronic viewfinder (EVF) of adigital camera, is increasingly often mounted on electronic apparatuses.In such an electronic apparatus, a light beam from the display surfaceof the display device is caused to form an image on an eyeball of a uservia an optical system of a lens, a mirror, a diffraction grating, etc.;the optical system tends to be downsized from demand for furtherreduction in the weight and size of the electronic apparatus. If theoptical system is downsized, it becomes necessary that a light beam becaused to form an image on an eyeball of a user appropriately by meansof an optical system of a simpler configuration, and hence it isdifficult to supplement the viewing angle characteristics of the displaydevice by modifying the configuration of the optical system; the viewingangle characteristics of the display device directly lead to the qualityof display that is visually identified by the user. Therefore, dependingon the use, the display device is required to achieve even moreimprovement in viewing angle characteristics.

Thus, the present disclosure presents a new and improved display devicethat can improve viewing angle characteristics more and an electronicapparatus on which the display device is mounted.

Solution to Problem

According to the present disclosure, there is provided a display deviceincluding: a plurality of light emitting sections formed on a substrate;and a color filter provided on the light emitting section to correspondto each of the plurality of light emitting sections. The light emittingsections and the color filters are arranged such that, in at least apartial region in a display surface, a relative misalignment between acenter of a luminescence surface of the light emitting section and acenter of the color filter corresponding to the light emitting sectionis created in a plane perpendicular to a stacking direction.

In addition, according to the present disclosure, there is provided anelectronic apparatus including: a display device configured to performdisplay on a basis of an image signal. The display device includes aplurality of light emitting sections formed on a substrate, and a colorfilter provided on the light emitting section to correspond to each ofthe plurality of light emitting sections, and the light emittingsections and the color filters are arranged such that, in at least apartial region in a display surface, a relative misalignment between acenter of a luminescence surface of the light emitting section and acenter of the color filter corresponding to the light emitting sectionis created in a plane perpendicular to a stacking direction.

According to the present disclosure, the light emitting sections and thecolor filters are arranged such that, in at least a partial region inthe display surface of the display device, a relative misalignmentbetween the center of the luminescence surface of a light emittingsection (for example, in an organic EL display, a light emittingelement) and the center of the color filter corresponding to the lightemitting section is created in a plane perpendicular to the stackingdirection. Therefore, for a pixel including the light emitting sectionand the color filter, wider viewing angle characteristics can beobtained in the direction of misalignment of the color filter to theluminescence surface of the light emitting section.

Advantageous Effects of Invention

As described above, according to the present disclosure, viewing anglecharacteristics can be improved more. Note that the effects describedabove are not necessarily limitative. With or in the place of the aboveeffects, there may be achieved any one of the effects described in thisspecification or other effects that may be grasped from thisspecification.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a diagram simulatively showing a locus of a light beam from asmall-sized display device in an electronic apparatus to an eyeball of auser in a case where an optical system is downsized.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of adisplay device according to the present embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a diagram for describing an effect exhibited by creating arelative misalignment between a light emitting element and a CF in adisplay device according to the present embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a diagram simply and schematically showing a configuration ofa common display device.

FIG. 5 is a diagram for describing distributions of amounts ofmisalignment L and misalignment directions of CFs in a display surfaceof a display device.

FIG. 6 is a diagram for describing a transition region in which theamount of misalignment L and/or the misalignment direction of the CFchanges.

FIG. 7 is a diagram for describing a transition region in which theamount of misalignment L and/or the misalignment direction of the CFchanges.

FIG. 8 is a diagram for describing a method for setting the amount ofmisalignment L of the CF.

FIG. 9 is a diagram for describing a method for setting the amount ofmisalignment L of the CF.

FIG. 10 is a diagram for describing a method for setting the amount ofmisalignment L of the CF.

FIG. 11 is a diagram for describing a method for setting the amount ofmisalignment L of the CF.

FIG. 12 is a diagram for describing another method for creating arelative misalignment between a light emitting element and a CF.

FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a display deviceaccording to a modification example in which a reflector is notprovided.

FIG. 14 is a diagram for describing a method for setting the amount ofmisalignment L of the CF taking into account also a case where emissionlight from a luminescence section is incident on a side surface of theCF.

FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an external appearance of a smartphone thatis an example of an electronic apparatus in which the display devicesaccording to the present embodiment and the modification examples can beused.

FIG. 16 is a diagram showing an external appearance of a digital camerathat is another example of an electronic apparatus in which the displaydevices according to the present embodiment and the modificationexamples can be used.

FIG. 17 is a diagram showing an external appearance of a digital camerathat is another example of an electronic apparatus in which the displaydevices according to the present embodiment and the modificationexamples can be used.

FIG. 18 is a diagram showing an external appearance of an HMD that isanother example of an electronic apparatus in which the display devicesaccording to the present embodiment and the modification examples can beused.

MODE(S) FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Hereinafter, (a) preferred embodiment(s) of the present disclosure willbe described in detail with reference to the appended drawings. Notethat, in this specification and the appended drawings, structuralelements that have substantially the same function and structure aredenoted with the same reference numerals, and repeated explanation ofthese structural elements is omitted.

Note that the description is given in the following order.

1. Background with which present disclosure is conceived2. Configuration of display device3. With regard to amount of misalignment of CF4. Modification examples4-1. Methods for creating relative misalignment between light emittingelement and CF4-2. Configuration in which reflector is not provided4-3. Other methods for setting amount of misalignment L5. Application examples

6. Supplement 1. BACKGROUND WITH WHICH PRESENT DISCLOSURE IS CONCEIVED

Before describing preferred embodiments of the present disclosure, thebackground with which the present inventors have conceived the presentdisclosure is described in order to make the present disclosure clearer.

As described above, a small-sized display device may be mounted on anelectronic apparatus in the use of an HMD, an EVF of a digital camera,etc. In such an electronic apparatus, a light beam from a displaysurface of the display device is caused to form an image on an eyeballof a user via an optical system of a lens, a mirror, a diffractiongrating, etc. On the other hand, these days, the demand for furtherreduction in the weight and size of the electronic apparatus in order toreduce the burden on the user is great. To achieve reduction in theweight and size of the electronic apparatus, also the mounted opticalsystem is required to achieve even more downsizing.

FIG. 1 is a diagram simulatively showing the locus of a light beam froma small-sized display device in an electronic apparatus to an eyeball ofa user in a case where an optical system is downsized. As shown in FIG.1, to achieve reduction in the weight and size of the electronicapparatus, it is necessary to downsize an optical system 105 and makenarrower the distance between the optical system 105 and a displaydevice 1. Further, since the optical system 105 cannot be made acomplicated configuration, it is difficult to supplement the viewingangle characteristics of the display device 1 by modifying theconfiguration of the optical system 105. Therefore, a light beam with awider angle (that is, a light beam with a wider viewing angle) among thelight beams emitted from a display surface 101 of the display device 1is guided to an eyeball 103 of a user while keeping almost the samecharacteristics as those when the light beam is emitted from the displaysurface 101 of the display device 1. For the above reasons, in a casewhere it is attempted to downsize the optical system 105 in anelectronic apparatus in which the small-sized display device 1 is used,it is required that, in order to provide high quality display to theuser, the display device 1 be able to emit a light beam having desiredcharacteristics even at a wider viewing angle, that is, have moreexcellent wide viewing angle characteristics.

Here, a display device of a system in which a pixel is formed byproviding a color filter (CF) on a white light emitting element andcolor display is performed by performing color conversion based on theCF on a pixel basis is commonly known. If it is attempted to achieve awide viewing angle in a display device of such a system, the occurrenceof what is called color mixing in which light from one light emittingelement is incident on the CF of an adjacent pixel and light emission ofa desired color is not obtained is a problem.

In this regard, various methods to suppress color mixing have beenproposed until now. For example, there is known a method in which thedistance between a light emitting element and a CF (facing gap) is setsmall as compared to the pixel size. Alternatively, there is known amethod in which the area of a luminescence surface of a light emittingelement is set much smaller than the area of a CF (the area in a planeperpendicular to the stacking direction).

However, these methods have the following disadvantages. For example, ifit is attempted to obtain a structure of a narrow facing gap in a casewhere the display device is a display device using an organic lightemitting diode (OLED) (that is, an organic electro-luminescence (EL)display (OELD display)), it is necessary that an electrode layer, aprotection layer, and a CF bonding layer be made thin films; hence,there is a concern that the luminescence characteristics and theprotectiveness of the OLED will be greatly reduced. Further, reducingthe area of the luminescence surface of the light emitting element leadsto reducing the aperture ratio; hence, there is a concern that theluminance will be greatly reduced.

As described hereinabove, it is desired for a small-sized displaydevice, such as one mounted on an electronic apparatus, to achieve evenmore improvement in wide viewing angle characteristics; however, inmethods for achieving a wide viewing angle while suppressing colormixing that have been commonly proposed until now, there has been aconcern that other characteristics will be reduced. In view of thecircumstances mentioned above, the present inventors conducted extensivestudies on technology for a display device that can suppress theoccurrence of color mixing and can further improve wide viewing anglecharacteristics without causing reduction in other characteristics likethose described above, such as a reduction in luminance; andconsequently have conceived the present disclosure.

In the following, preferred embodiments of the present disclosureconceived by the present inventors are described in detail. Note that,in the following, an embodiment in which the display device is anorganic EL display is described as an example of the present disclosure.However, the present disclosure is not limited to this example, and thedisplay device that is an object of the present disclosure may bevarious display devices as long as they are display devices that canachieve color display using CFs, such as a liquid crystal display, aplasma display, and an electronic paper device.

2. CONFIGURATION OF DISPLAY DEVICE

The configuration of a display device according to a preferredembodiment of the present disclosure will now be described withreference to FIG. 2. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing aconfiguration example of a display device according to the presentembodiment. FIG. 2 shows a schematic partial cross-sectional view of adisplay device according to the present embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 2, a display device 1 according to the presentembodiment includes, on a first substrate 11, a plurality of lightemitting elements 10 each of which includes an OLED and emits whitelight, and a CF layer 33 that is provided on the light emitting elements10 and in which CFs of some colors are formed to correspond to the lightemitting elements 10. Further, a second substrate 34 containing amaterial transparent to the light from the light emitting element 10 isplaced on the CF layer 33. Further, on the first substrate 11, thin filmtransistors (TFTs) 15 for driving the light emitting elements 10 areprovided to correspond to the light emitting elements 10. An arbitrarylight emitting element 10 is selectively driven by the TFT 15, thenlight from the driven light emitting element 10 passes through thecorresponding CF, and the color of the light is converted appropriatelyand the converted light is emitted from the upper side via the secondsubstrate 34; thereby, desired images, characters, etc. are displayed.

Note that, in the following description, the stacking direction of thelayers in the display device 1 is referred to also as an up and downdirection. In this event, the side on which the first substrate 11 isplaced is defined as a down side, and the side on which the secondsubstrate 34 is placed is defined as an up side. Further, a planeperpendicular to the up and down direction is referred to also as ahorizontal plane.

Thus, the display device 1 shown in FIG. 2 is a top emission displaydevice capable of color display that is driven by an active matrixsystem. However, the present embodiment is not limited to this example,and the display device according to the present embodiment may be adisplay device that is driven by another system such as a passive matrixsystem, or may be a bottom emission display device that emits light viathe first substrate 11.

Note that the display device 1 may be mounted on various electronicapparatuses having a display function. Specifically, the display device1 may be used as, for example, a monitor device that is incorporated ina television device, an electronic book, a smartphone, a personaldigital assistant (PDA), a notebook personal computer (PC), a videocamera, a game apparatus, or the like. Alternatively, the display device1 may be used for an EVF of a digital camera, an HMD, or the like. Asdescribed later, the display device 1 has excellent wide viewing anglecharacteristics even if a complicated optical system is not provided;thus, the display device 1 can be suitably used for, among the aboveelectronic apparatuses, an electronic apparatus that is used by beingcarried by a user, which is required to achieve weight and sizereduction more (among the examples described above, a smartphone, a PDA,a digital camera, an HMD, or the like).

(First Substrate and Second Substrate)

In the illustrated configuration example, the first substrate 11includes a silicon substrate. Further, the second substrate 34 containsquartz glass. However, the present embodiment is not limited to thisexample, and various known materials may be used as the first substrate11 and the second substrate 34. For example, each of the first substrate11 and the second substrate 34 may include a high strain point glasssubstrate, a soda-lime glass (a mixture of Na₂O, CaO, and SiO₂)substrate, a borosilicate glass (a mixture of Na₂O, B₂O₃, and SiO₂)substrate, a forsterite (Mg₂SiO₄) substrate, a lead glass (a mixture ofNa₂O, PbO, and SiO₂) substrate, various glass substrates in which aninsulating film is formed on a surface, a quartz substrate, a quartzsubstrate in which an insulating film is formed on a surface, a siliconsubstrate in which an insulating film is formed on a surface, or anorganic polymer substrate (for example, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA),polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinylphenol (PVP), a polyether sulfone(PES), a polyimide, a polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate (PET),or the like). The materials contained in the first substrate 11 and thesecond substrate 34 may be the same, or may be different. However, sincethe display device 1 is of the top emission type as described above, thesecond substrate 34 preferably contains a material with a hightransmittance that can transmit the light from the light emittingelement 10 favorably.

(Light Emitting Element and Second Member)

The light emitting element 10 includes a first electrode 21, an organiclayer 23 provided on the first electrode 21, and a second electrode 22formed on the organic layer 23. More specifically, a second member 52 inwhich openings 25 are provided so as to expose at least parts of thefirst electrode 21 is stacked on the first electrode 21, and the organiclayer 23 is provided on portions of the first electrode 21 that areexposed at the bottoms of the openings 25. That is, the light emittingelement 10 has a configuration in which the first electrode 21, theorganic layer 23, and the second electrode 22 are stacked in this orderin the opening 25 of the second member 52. This stacked structurefunctions as a luminescence section 24 of each pixel. That is, a portionof the light emitting element 10 falling under the opening of the secondmember 52 serves as a luminescence surface. Further, the second member52 functions as a pixel defining film that is provided between pixelsand partitions the area of the pixel.

The organic layer 23 includes a luminescence layer containing an organicluminescent material, and can emit white light. The specificconfiguration of the organic layer 23 is not limited, and may be variouspublicly known configurations. For example, the organic layer 23 mayhave a stacked structure of a hole transport layer, a luminescencelayer, and an electronic transport layer, a stacked structure of a holetransport layer and a luminescence layer that serves also as anelectronic transport layer, a stacked structure of a hole injectionlayer, a hole transport layer, a luminescence layer, an electronictransport layer, and an electron injection layer, or the like. Further,in a case where each of these stacked structures or the like is used asa “tandem unit,” the organic layer 23 may have a tandem structure of twostages in which a first tandem unit, a connection layer, and a secondtandem unit are stacked. Alternatively, the organic layer 23 may have atandem structure of three or more stages in which three or more tandemunits are stacked. In a case where the organic layer 23 includes aplurality of tandem units, an organic layer 23 that emits white light asa whole can be obtained by assigning red, green, and blue to theluminescent colors of the luminescence layers of the tandem units.

In the illustrated configuration example, the organic layer 23 is formedby depositing an organic material by vacuum vapor deposition. However,the present embodiment is not limited to this example, and the organiclayer 23 may be formed by various publicly known methods. For example,as the method for forming the organic layer 23, physical vapordeposition methods (PVD methods) such as the vacuum vapor depositionmethod, printing methods such as the screen printing method and theinkjet printing method, a laser transfer method in which a stackedstructure of a laser absorbing layer and an organic layer formed on asubstrate for transfer is irradiated with laser light to separate theorganic layer on the laser absorbing layer and the organic layer istransferred, various application methods, etc. may be used.

The first electrode 21 functions as an anode. Since the display device 1is of the top emission type as described above, the first electrode 21contains a material capable of reflecting the light from the organiclayer 23. In the illustrated configuration example, the first electrode21 contains an alloy of aluminum and neodymium (Al—Nd alloy). Further,the film thickness of the first electrode 21 is approximately 0.1 μm to1 μm, for example. However, the present embodiment is not limited tothis example, and the first electrode 21 may contain various publiclyknown materials used as the material of an electrode on the lightreflection side that functions as an anode in a common organic ELdisplay. Further, the film thickness of the first electrode 21 is notlimited to the above example either, and the first electrode 21 may beformed in film thickness ranges commonly employed in organic ELdisplays, as appropriate.

For example, the first electrode 21 may contain a metal with a high workfunction, such as platinum (Pt), gold (Au), silver (Ag), chromium (Cr),tungsten (W), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), ortantalum (Ta), or an alloy with a high work function (for example, aAg—Pd—Cu alloy containing silver as a main component and containing 0.3mass % to 1 mass % of palladium (Pd) and 0.3 mass % to 1 mass % ofcopper, an Al—Nd alloy, or the like). Alternatively, the first electrode21 may contain an electrically conductive material having a small workfunction value and a high light reflectance, such as aluminum or analloy containing aluminum. In this case, it is preferable to improvehole injection properties by providing an appropriate hole injectionlayer on the first electrode 21, or the like. Alternatively, the firstelectrode 21 may have a structure in which a transparent electricallyconductive material excellent in hole injection characteristics, such asan oxide of indium and tin (ITO) or an oxide of indium and zinc (IZO),is stacked on a reflective film with high light reflectivity such as adielectric multiple-layer film or aluminum.

The second electrode 22 functions as a cathode. Since the display device1 is of the top emission type as described above, the second electrode22 contains a material capable of transmitting the light from theorganic layer 23. In the illustrated configuration example, the secondelectrode 22 contains an alloy of magnesium and silver (Mg—Ag alloy).Further, the film thickness of the second electrode 22 is approximately10 nm, for example. However, the present embodiment is not limited tothis example, and the second electrode 22 may contain various publiclyknown materials used as the material of an electrode on the lighttransmission side that functions as a cathode in a common organic ELdisplay. Further, the film thickness of the second electrode 22 is notlimited to the above example either, and the second electrode 22 may beformed in film thickness ranges commonly employed in organic ELdisplays, as appropriate.

For example, the second electrode 22 may contain aluminum, silver,magnesium, calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), strontium (Sr), an alloy of analkali metal and silver, an alloy of an alkaline earth metal and silver(for example, an alloy of magnesium and silver (Mg—Ag alloy)), an alloyof magnesium and calcium (Mg—Ca alloy), an alloy of aluminum and lithium(Al—Li alloy), or the like. In a case where each of these materials isused in a single layer, the film thickness of the second electrode 22 isapproximately 4 nm to 50 nm, for example. Alternatively, the secondelectrode 22 may have a structure in which a layer of any of thematerials described above and a transparent electrode containing, forexample, ITO or IZO (with a thickness of, for example, approximately 30nm to 1 μm) are stacked from the organic layer 23 side. In a case wheresuch a stacked structure is used, the thickness of the layer of any ofthe materials described above may be as thin as approximately 1 nm to 4nm, for example. Alternatively, the second electrode 22 may include onlya transparent electrode. Alternatively, the second electrode 22 may beprovided with a bus electrode (auxiliary electrode) containing a lowresistance material, such as aluminum, an aluminum alloy, silver, asilver alloy, copper, a copper alloy, gold, or a gold alloy, to reducethe resistance of the second electrode 22 as a whole.

In the illustrated configuration example, each of the first electrode 21and the second electrode 22 is formed by forming a material as a filmwith a prescribed thickness by the vacuum vapor deposition method andthen patterning the film by the etching method. However, the presentembodiment is not limited to this example, and the first electrode 21and the second electrode 22 may be formed by various publicly knownmethods. Examples of the method for forming the first electrode 21 andthe second electrode 22 include vapor deposition methods including theelectron beam vapor deposition method, the hot filament vapor depositionmethod, and the vacuum vapor deposition method, the sputtering method,the chemical vapor deposition method (CVD method), the metal organicchemical vapor deposition method (MOCVD method), a combination of theion plating method and the etching method, various printing methods (forexample, the screen printing method, the inkjet printing method, themetal mask printing method, etc.), plating methods (the electroplatingmethod, the electroless plating method, etc.), the lift-off method, thelaser ablation method, the sol-gel method, etc.

The second member 52 is formed by forming SiO₂ as a film with aprescribed film thickness by the CVD method and then patterning the SiO₂film using photolithography technology and etching technology. However,the material of the second member 52 is not limited to this example, andvarious materials having insulating properties may be used as thematerial of the second member 52.

Examples of the material contained in the second member 52 include SiO₂,MgF, LiF, a polyimide resin, an acrylic resin, a fluorine resin, asilicone resin, a fluorine-based polymer, a silicone-based polymer, etc.However, as described later, the second member 52 contains a materialhaving a lower refractive index than the material of a first member 51.

(Configuration of Parts Below Light Emitting Element)

On the first substrate 11, the first electrode 21 included in the lightemitting element 10 is provided on an interlayer insulating layer 16containing SiON. Then, the interlayer insulating layer 16 covers a lightemitting element driving section formed on the first substrate 11.

The light emitting element driving section includes a plurality of TFTs15. In the illustrated example, one TFT 15 is provided for one lightemitting element 10. The TFT 15 includes a gate electrode 12 formed onthe first substrate 11, a gate insulating film 13 formed on the firstsubstrate 11 and the gate electrode 12, and a semiconductor layer 14formed on the gate insulating film 13. A region of the semiconductorlayer 14 located immediately above the gate electrode 12 functions as achannel region 14A, and regions located so as to sandwich the channelregion 14A function as source/drain regions 14B. Note that, although inthe illustrated example the TFT 15 is of a back gate type, the presentembodiment is not limited to this example, and the TFT 15 may be of abottom gate type.

An interlayer insulating layer 16 including two layers (a lower layerinterlayer insulating layer 16A and an upper layer interlayer insulatinglayer 16B) is stacked on the semiconductor layer 14 by the CVD method.In this event, after the lower layer interlayer insulating layer 16A isstacked, contact holes 17 are provided in portions of the lower layerinterlayer insulating layer 16A corresponding to the source/drainregions 14B so as to expose the source/drain regions 14B, by usingphotolithography technology and etching technology, for example, and aninterconnection 18 containing aluminum is formed so as to fill thecontact hole 17. The interconnections 18 are formed by combining thevacuum vapor deposition method and the etching method, for example.After that, the upper layer interlayer insulating layer 16B is stacked.

In a portion of the upper layer interlayer insulating layer 16B wherethe interconnection 18 is provided, a contact hole 19 is provided so asto expose the interconnection 18, by using photolithography technologyand etching technology, for example. Then, when forming the firstelectrode 21 of the light emitting element 10, the first electrode 21 isformed so as to be in contact with the interconnection 18 via thecontact hole 19. Thus, the first electrode 21 of the light emittingelement 10 is electrically connected to a source/drain region 14B of theTET via the interconnection 18. The gate electrode 12 of the TFT 15 isconnected to a scanning circuit (not shown). Each TFT 15 is driven by acurrent being applied to the TFT 15 from the scanning circuit at anappropriate timing, and each light emitting element 10 emits light sothat desired images, characters, etc. are displayed as a whole. Variouspublicly known methods may be used as the method for driving the TFT 15to obtain appropriate display (that is, the method for driving thedisplay device 1), and hence a detailed description is omitted herein.

Note that, although in the above example the interlayer insulating layer16 contains SiON, the present embodiment is not limited to this example.The interlayer insulating layer 16 may contain various publicly knownmaterials that can be used as an interlayer insulating layer in a commonorganic EL display. For example, as the material contained in theinterlayer insulating layer 16, SiO₂-based materials (for example, SiO₂,BPSG, PSG, BSG, AsSG, PbSG, SiON, spin-on glass (SOG), low melting pointglass, a glass paste, and the like), SiN-based materials, and insulatingresins (for example, a polyimide resin, a novolac-based resin, anacrylic-based resin, polybenzoxazole, and the like) may be used singlyor in combination, as appropriate. Further, the method for forming theinterlayer insulating layer 16 is not limited to the above exampleeither, and publicly known methods such as the CVD method, theapplication method, the sputtering method, and various printing methodsmay be used for the formation of the interlayer insulating layer 16.Furthermore, although in the above example the interconnection 18 isformed by forming aluminum as a film and patterning the film by thevacuum vapor deposition method and the etching method, the presentembodiment is not limited to this example. The interconnection 18 may beformed by forming, as a film, any of various materials that are used asan interconnection in a common organic EL display and patterning thefilm by various methods.

(Configuration of Parts Above Light Emitting Element)

The opening 25 provided in the second member 52 of the light emittingelement 10 is formed so as to have a tapered shape in which the sidewall of the opening 25 is inclined such that the opening area increaseswith proximity to the bottom. Then, a first member 51 is put in theopening 25. That is, the first member 51 is a layer that is providedimmediately above the luminescence surface of the light emitting element10 and that propagates emission light from the light emitting elementupward. Further, by forming the opening 25 of the second member 52 inthe above manner, a cross-sectional shape in the stacking direction ofthe first member 51 (that is, the illustrated cross-sectional shape) hasa substantially trapezoidal shape, and thus the first member 51 has atruncated conical or pyramidal shape in which the bottom surface facesup.

The first member 51 is formed by forming Si_(1-x)N_(x) as a film by thevacuum vapor deposition method so as to fill the opening 25, and thenplanarizing the surface of the Si_(1-x)N_(x) film by the chemicalmechanical polishing method (CMP method) or the like. However, thematerial of the first member 51 is not limited to this example, andvarious materials having insulating properties may be used as thematerial of the first member 51. Examples of the material contained inthe first member 51 include Si_(1-x)N_(x), ITO, IZO, TiO₂, Nb₂O₅, abromine-containing polymer, a sulfur-containing polymer, atitanium-containing polymer, a zirconium-containing polymer, etc. Themethod for forming the first member 51 is not limited to this exampleeither, and various publicly known methods may be used as the method forforming the first member 51.

However, in the present embodiment, the materials of the first member 51and the second member 52 are selected such that the refractive index n₁of the first member 51 and the refractive index n₂ of the second member52 satisfy the relation of n₁>n₂. By selecting the materials of thefirst member 51 and the second member 52 such that the refractiveindices satisfy the relation mentioned above, at least a part of thelight that has propagated through the first member 51 is reflected at asurface of the second member 52 facing the first member 51. Morespecifically, the organic layer 23 and the second electrode 22 of thelight emitting element 10 are formed between the first member 51 and thesecond member 52, and therefore at least a part of the light that haspropagated through the first member 51 is reflected at the interfacebetween the second member 52 and the organic layer 23. That is, thesurface of the second member 52 facing the first member 51 functions asa light reflection section (reflector) 53.

In the present embodiment, the first member 51 is provided immediatelyabove the luminescence surface of the light emitting element 10, asmentioned above. Then, the first member 51 has a truncated conical orpyramidal shape in which the bottom surface faces up, and thereforelight emitted from the luminescence surface of the light emittingelement 10 is reflected upward, which is the light emission direction,by the interface between the first member 51 and the second member 52,that is, the reflector 53. Thus, according to the present embodiment,the efficiency of extracting emission light from the light emittingelement 10 can be improved by providing the reflector 53, and theluminance as the entire display device 1 can be improved.

Note that an investigation by the present inventors shows that, toimprove the efficiency of extracting emission light from the lightemitting element 10 more favorably, it is preferable that the refractiveindices of the first member 51 and the second member 52 satisfy therelation of n₁−n₂≥0.20. It is more preferable that the refractiveindices of the first member 51 and the second member 52 satisfy therelation of n₁−n₂≥0.30. Furthermore, to further improve the efficiencyof extracting emission light from the light emitting element 10, it ispreferable that the shape of the first member 51 satisfy the relationsof 0.5≤R₁/R₂≤0.8 and 0.5≤H/R₁≤0.8. Here, R₁ represents the diameter ofthe light incidence surface of the first member 51 (that is, a surfacefacing down in the stacking direction and facing the luminescencesurface of the light emitting element 10), R₂ represents the diameter ofthe light emitting surface of the first member 51 (that is, a surfacefacing up in the stacking direction), and H represents the distancebetween the bottom surface and the upper surface (the height in thestacking direction) in a case where the first member 51 is regarded as atruncated cone or pyramid.

A protection film 31 and a planarizing film 32 are stacked in this orderon the planarized first member 51. The protection film 31 is formed by,for example, stacking Si_(1-y)N_(y) with a prescribed film thickness(approximately 3.0 μm) by the vacuum vapor deposition method. Further,the planarizing film 32 is formed by, for example, stacking SiO₂ with aprescribed film thickness (approximately 2.0 μm) by the CVD method andplanarizing the surface by the CMP method or the like.

However, the materials and the film thicknesses of the protection film31 and the planarizing film 32 are not limited to these examples, andthe protection film 31 and the planarizing film 32 may contain variouspublicly known materials used as a protection film and a planarizingfilm of a common organic EL display so as to have film thicknessescommonly employed in an organic EL display, as appropriate.

However, in the present embodiment, it is preferable that the materialof the protection film 31 be selected such that the refractive index n₃of the protection film 31 is equal to the refractive index n₁ of thefirst member 51 or smaller than the refractive index n₁ of the firstmember 51. Furthermore, the materials of the protection film 31 and theplanarizing film 32 are selected such that the absolute value of thedifference between the refractive index n₃ of the protection film 31 andthe refractive index n₄ of the planarizing film 32 is preferably lessthan or equal to 0.30 and more preferably less than or equal to 0.20. Bythus selecting the materials of the protection film 31 and theplanarizing film 32, the reflection or scattering of emission light fromthe light emitting element 10 at the interface between the first member51 and the protection film 31 and the interface between the protectionfilm 31 and the planarizing film 32 can be suppressed, and lightextraction efficiency can be further improved.

Note that, as the configuration from the first substrate 11 to theprotection film 31 of the display device 1, particularly as theconfiguration of the reflector 53, the configuration of a display devicedisclosed in JP 2013-191533A, which is a prior application by thepresent applicant, may be used, for example.

The CF layer 33 is formed on the planarizing film 32. Thus, the displaydevice 1 is a display device of what is called an on-chip color filter(OCCF) system in which the CF layer 33 is formed on the first substrate11 on which the light emitting element 10 is formed. The secondsubstrate 34 is stuck to the upper side of the CF layer 33 via, forexample, a sealing resin film 35 of an epoxy resin or the like, andthereby the display device 1 is fabricated. Note that the material ofthe sealing resin film 35 is not limited to this example, and thematerial of the sealing resin film may be selected in view of hightransmissivity to the emission light from the light emitting element 10,excellence in adhesiveness to the CF layer 33 located on the lower sideand the second substrate 34 located on the upper side, low reflectivityof light at the interface with the CF layer 33 located on the lower sideand the interface with the second substrate 34 located on the upperside, etc., as appropriate.

The CF layer 33 is formed such that a CF of each color having aprescribed area is provided for each of the light emitting elements 10.The CF layer 33 may be formed by performing exposure on a resistmaterial into a prescribed configuration and performing development byphotolithography technology, for example. Further, the film thickness ofthe CF layer 33 is approximately 2 μm, for example. However, thematerial, the formation method, and the film thickness of the CF layer33 are not limited to these examples, and the CF layer 33 may be formedso as to have a film thickness commonly employed in an organic ELdisplay by using various publicly known materials that are used as a CFlayer of a common organic EL display and various publicly known methods,as appropriate.

In the illustrated example, the CF layer 33 is provided such that a redCF 33R, a green CF 33G, and a blue CF 33B each having a prescribed areaare continuously distributed in the horizontal plane. Note that, in thefollowing description, in a case where there is no need to particularlydistinguish the CF 33R, the CF 33G, and the CF 33B, one or a pluralityof these may be written as simply a CF 33 a.

One pixel is formed by a combination of one light emitting element 10and one CF 33 a. Note that, in practice, in the display device 1, onepixel may include sub-pixels of four colors, namely, a pixel in whichthe CF 33R is provided (that is, a red pixel), a pixel in which the CF33G is provided (that is, a green pixel), a pixel in which the CF 33B isprovided (that is, a blue pixel), and a pixel in which the CF 33 a isnot provided (that is, a white pixel). However, in the presentspecification, also a combination of one light emitting element 10 andone CF 33 a is referred to as simply a pixel, for convenience ofdescription. Further, in the display device 1, sub-pixels of four colorsmay be arranged in what is called a delta arrangement (see also FIG. 6described later).

Here, in a common display device, a light emitting element and the CFcorresponding to the light emitting element are arranged such that thecenter of the luminescence surface of the light emitting element and thecenter of the CF in the horizontal plane substantially coincide. On theother hand, in the display device 1 according to the present embodiment,a light emitting element 10 and the CF 33 a corresponding to the lightemitting element 10 are arranged such that the positions of the centerof the luminescence surface of the light emitting element 10 and thecenter of the CF 33 a are relatively shifted by a prescribed distance Lin the horizontal plane, in at least a partial region in the displaysurface. In the illustrated example, the center of the CF 33 acorresponding to the light emitting element 10 is placed to be shiftedrelative to the center of the luminescence surface of the light emittingelement in the right direction of the drawing sheet.

Note that, in the following description, the relative misalignment inthe horizontal plane between the center of the luminescence surface of alight emitting element 10 and the center of the CF 33 a corresponding tothe light emitting element is referred to also as simply a relativemisalignment between the light emitting element 10 and the CF 33 a.Further, the amount of relative misalignment L and the misalignmentdirection of the CF 33 a to the center of the luminescence surface ofthe light emitting element 10 in the horizontal plane in the relativemisalignment between the light emitting element 10 and the CF 33 a arereferred to also as simply the amount of misalignment L of the CF 33 aand the misalignment direction of the CF 33 a, respectively.

FIG. 3 is a diagram for describing an effect exhibited by creating arelative misalignment between the light emitting element 10 and the CF33 a in the display device 1 according to the present embodiment. InFIG. 3, the cross section of the display device 1 shown in FIG. 2 issimplified, and only the first substrate 11, the light emitting element10, the second member 52, and the CF layer 33 are shown. Further, FIG. 4is a diagram for comparison, and is a diagram simply and schematicallyshowing the configuration of a common display device 6. The commondisplay device 6 shown in FIG. 4 has a similar configuration to thedisplay device 1 according to the present embodiment except that arelative misalignment between the light emitting element 10 and the CF33 a is not created (that is, the center of the luminescence surface ofa light emitting element and the center of the CF corresponding to thelight emitting element in the horizontal plane substantially coincide).

In FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, the travel direction of light emitted from acertain light emitting element 10 at a certain angle is simulativelyshown by an arrow. Here, it is assumed that it is intended to obtainblue light as light from the pixel that the focused-on light emittingelement 10 falls under. In this case, as shown in FIG. 3, in theconfiguration according to the present embodiment, the light emittedfrom the certain light emitting element 10 at the certain angle passesthrough the CF 33B and is emitted from the display device 1, due to thefact that the relative position of the CF 33 a to the light emittingelement 10 is shifted by an amount of misalignment L in the horizontalplane. Therefore, desired blue light can be obtained. On the other hand,as shown in FIG. 4, in the common configuration, the light emitted fromthe certain light emitting element 10 at the certain angle does not passthrough the blue CF 33B, which is the CF that the light is originallyintended to pass through, but passes through the green CF 33G of anadjacent pixel. Therefore, color mixing occurs, and desired blue lightcannot be obtained. Thus, it can be said that, by the configurationaccording to the present embodiment, the blue pixel including thecertain light emitting element 10 has a wider viewing angle in the rightdirection of the drawing sheet, which is the misalignment direction ofthe CF 33B.

Thus, in the present embodiment, a relative misalignment between thelight emitting element 10 and the CF 33 a is created for a pixel, andthereby the viewing angle characteristics of the pixel in themisalignment direction of the CF 33 a can be improved.

Here, the viewing angle characteristics required of pixels vary inaccordance with the position in the display surface of the displaydevice 1. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the amount ofmisalignment L and the misalignment direction of the CF 33 a in eachpixel are set such that a desired viewing angle is obtained in the pixelin accordance with the position of the light emitting element 10 (thatis, the position of the pixel) in the display surface. That is, in thepresent embodiment, each of the amount of misalignment and themisalignment direction of the CF 33 a has a distribution in the displaysurface.

FIG. 5 is a diagram for describing distributions of amounts ofmisalignment L and misalignment directions of CFs 33 a in the displaysurface of the display device 1. Here, a case where, when mounted on anelectronic apparatus, the display device 1 is installed such that thedisplay surface 101 faces the optical system 105 with a relativelynarrow distance, as shown in FIG. 1, is envisaged. In this case, asshown in FIG. 5, for emission light from a pixel placed in region 107that is substantially near the center in the display surface 101 of thedisplay device 1, it is sufficient that emission light in a directionsubstantially perpendicular to the luminescence surface of the lightemitting element 10 be incident on the optical system 105; hence, theemission light from a pixel placed in region 107 does not need to haveconsiderably wide viewing angle characteristics. Therefore, in a pixelplaced in region 107, the light emitting element 10 and the CF 33 a arearranged such that a relative misalignment between the light emittingelement 10 and the CF 33 a is not created (that is, the amount ofmisalignment L is set to L=0), like in the common display device 6.

On the other hand, for emission light from a pixel placed in region 109that is near the outer periphery in the display surface 101 of thedisplay device 1, it is necessary that light emitted toward the outeredge of the display surface 101 be incident on the optical system 105;hence, the emission light from a pixel placed in region 109 needs tohave wider viewing angle characteristics toward the outer edge of thedisplay surface 101 (in the illustrated example, in the right directionof the drawing sheet). Therefore, in a pixel placed in region 109, thelight emitting element 10 and the CF 33 a are arranged such that arelative misalignment between the light emitting element 10 and the CF33 a is created by a prescribed amount of misalignment L (L>0), like inthe configuration described with reference to FIG. 2 and FIG. 3.Further, in this event, the misalignment direction of the CF 33 a is setto a direction from the center of the display surface 101 to the placewhere the pixel is located. Thereby, in a pixel placed in region 109,wider viewing angle characteristics are obtained toward the outer edgeof the display surface 101.

FIG. 5 shows only the configuration of pixels in region 107 that issubstantially near the center in the display surface 101 and region 109that is near the outer periphery; however, in the present embodiment,pixels are provided in a gradational manner in accordance with theposition in the display surface 101, that is, in such a manner that theamount of misalignment L of the CF 33 a becomes larger as the positionshifts from the center of the display surface 101 toward the outer edge.For example, the inside of the display surface 101 is divided into aplurality of regions, and the amount of misalignment L is set for eachregion in accordance with the position in the display surface 101 of theregion. Further, also the misalignment direction of the CF 33 a is setfor each region. Here, in the present embodiment, the misalignmentdirection of the CF 33 a is set simply to either one of the horizontaldirection and the vertical direction of the display surface 101. By thisconfiguration, the distribution of misalignment directions of CFs 33 ain the plane of the display surface 101 can be managed more easily;thus, the design is not complicated.

Note that, in the above example, an arrangement of the display device 1and the optical system 105 like that shown in FIG. 1 is envisaged, andhence pixels are provided such that the amount of misalignment L of theCF 33 a becomes larger as the position shifts from the center of thedisplay surface 101 toward the outer edge; but the present embodiment isnot limited to this example. The way of division of regions, and theamount of misalignment L and the misalignment direction of the CF 33 ain each region (that is, the distributions of amounts of misalignment Land misalignment directions of CFs 33 a in pixels in accordance with theposition in the display surface 101) may be set such that a desiredviewing angle is obtained for each pixel in the display surface 101, inaccordance with the positional relationship between the display device 1and the optical system 105 in the electronic apparatus, as appropriate.Specifically, the misalignment direction of the CF 33 a may be set to adirection in which a viewing angle is intended to be obtained in thehorizontal plane (that is, the inclination direction from the directionperpendicular to the luminescence surface to the direction of a desiredviewing angle). A specific method for setting the amount of misalignmentL of the CF 33 a is described in detail later in (3. With regard toamount of misalignment of CF) below.

In order for the amount of misalignment L and/or the misalignmentdirection of the CF 33 a to be changed between regions, a transitionregion in which the amount of misalignment L and/or the misalignmentdirection of the CF 33 a changes may be provided between regions.Specifically, the transition region is formed as a region in which thearea of the CF 33 a is different from the area of another CF 33 aprovided in a normal pixel. FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 are diagrams fordescribing a transition region in which the amount of misalignment Land/or the misalignment direction of the CF 33 a changes. FIG. 6 andFIG. 7 schematically show the configuration of, in the display device 1,near the boundary between two regions between which the amount ofmisalignment L of the CF 33 a is different. FIG. 6 is a top view, andshows an arrangement of CFs 33 a. FIG. 7 is a side cross-sectional view,and shows a situation of a cross section corresponding to the A-A crosssection shown in FIG. 6. Note that the region not hatched in FIG. 6 is aregion corresponding to a white pixel in which the CF 33 a is notprovided. Further, in FIG. 7, the structure of the display device 1shown in FIG. 2 is simplified, and only the first substrate 11, thelight emitting element 10, the second member 52, and the CF layer 33 areshown, like in FIG. 3.

FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 show, as an example, region 203 where the amount ofmisalignment L of the CF 33 a=0, region 205 that is adjacent to region203 and in which the amount of misalignment L of the CF 33 a is aprescribed value that is not zero, and a transition region 201 providedbetween region 203 and region 205. As illustrated, the transition region201 is formed as a region in which the area of the CF 33 a is largerthan the area of a normal CF 33 a in another region. Further, the CF 33a located in the transition region 201 is formed such that the area ofthe CF 33 a is increased on the misalignment side. Thereby, in region205, the center of the CF 33 a is placed to be shifted in the horizontalplane from the center of the luminescence surface of the light emittingelement 10 by an amount of misalignment L>0 in the direction in whichthe area of the CF 33 a located in the transition region 201 isincreased. Also between not-shown other regions, the amount ofmisalignment L and/or the misalignment direction can be changed betweenregions by providing a similar transition region 201.

Note that, in the above example, the inside of the display surface 101is divided into a plurality of regions, and the amount of misalignment Land the misalignment direction are set for each region in accordancewith the position in the display surface 101 of the region; however, thepresent embodiment is not limited to this example. For example, theamount of misalignment L and the misalignment direction may be set noton a region basis but on a pixel basis, and the amount of misalignment Land the misalignment direction may be changed in a continuous mannerbetween pixels in accordance with the position in the display surface101 of the pixel. Also in this case, the amount of misalignment L andthe misalignment direction of the CF 33 a in each pixel may be set inaccordance with the positional relationship between the display device 1and the optical system 105 in the electronic apparatus in such a mannerthat a desired viewing angle is obtained for each pixel in the displaysurface 101, as appropriate.

Hereinabove, the configuration of the display device 1 according to thepresent embodiment is described. As described hereinabove, according tothe present embodiment, the display device 1 has a configuration inwhich a relative misalignment between the light emitting element 10 andthe CF 33 a is created for each pixel in accordance with the position ofthe pixel in the display surface 101 of the display device 1 and theviewing angle required of the pixel. Therefore, according to the presentembodiment, a display device 1 more excellent in viewing anglecharacteristics can be obtained without causing color mixing.

Further, in the present embodiment, since an improvement in viewingangle characteristics can be achieved by a relative misalignment betweenthe light emitting element 10 and the CF 33 a, there is no need toemploy configurations that have been proposed until now for animprovement in viewing angle characteristics, such as those described in(1. Background with which present disclosure is conceived) above (forexample, the narrowing of the facing gap and the downsizing of the areaof the luminescence surface). Hence, the viewing angle characteristicscan be improved without reducing the luminescence characteristics or theprotectiveness of the light emitting element 10 (OLED), or causing areduction in luminance.

Further, a relative misalignment between the light emitting element 10and the CF 33 a can be obtained by merely changing the configuration ofCFs 33 a during the formation of the CF layer 33, and therefore thedisplay device 1 according to the present embodiment can be fabricatedeasily without increasing the number of manufacturing steps. Thus,desired effects can be obtained without increasing the production cost.

Further, in general, in a case where color shifting or color mixing hasoccurred, color correction processing may be performed by a drivingcircuit. According to the present embodiment, such color correctionprocessing does not need to be performed because the occurrence of colorshifting and color mixing can be suppressed favorably while the viewingangle characteristics are improved. Therefore, a driving circuit can beobtained more simply, and thus the circuit scale of the driving circuitcan be made smaller.

Note that, although in the embodiment described hereinabove themisalignment direction of the CF 33 a is set to only either one of thehorizontal direction and the vertical direction of the display surface101, the present embodiment is not limited to this example. For example,the misalignment direction of the CF 33 a may be a two-dimensionalarbitrary direction in the horizontal plane. By this configuration, themisalignment direction of the CF 33 a can be set more finely for eachpixel, and thus the adjustment of the viewing angle on a pixel basis canbe performed more strictly.

Further, although in the embodiment described hereinabove the displaydevice 1 is a display device of an OCCF system in which the CF layer 33is formed on the first substrate 11, the present embodiment is notlimited to this example. The display device 1 according to the presentembodiment may be a display device of what is called a facing CF systemthat is fabricated by the CF layer 33 being formed on the secondsubstrate 34, and the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 34being stuck together such that the CF layer 33 faces the light emittingelement 10.

Further, although in the embodiment described hereinabove the displaydevice 1 has a configuration in which one pixel includes sub-pixels offour colors of a red pixel, a green pixel, a blue pixel, and a whitepixel, the present embodiment is not limited to this example. Also indisplay devices having other pixel configurations, the effect ofimproving the viewing angle characteristics can be similarly obtained bycreating a relative misalignment between the light emitting element 10and the CF 33 a in at least a partial region in the display surface.

Further, the method for arranging pixels in the display device 1 is notlimited to the delta arrangement described above, either. For example,similar effects can be obtained also by other pixel arrangements such asa stripe arrangement, a diagonal arrangement, and a rectanglearrangement.

3. WITH REGARD TO AMOUNT OF MISALIGNMENT OF CF

A method for setting the amount of misalignment L of the CF 33 a willnow be described. As described above, in the present embodiment, theamount of misalignment L of the CF 33 a in a pixel is set in accordancewith the viewing angle required of the pixel. In the following, with afocus on one pixel, a method for setting the amount of misalignment L ofthe CF 33 a in the pixel in a case where the viewing angle required ofthe pixel is θ₀ is described with reference to FIG. 8 to FIG. 11. FIG. 8to FIG. 11 are diagrams for describing a method for setting the amountof misalignment L of the CF 33 a. Each of FIG. 8 to FIG. 11 simulativelyshows the luminescence section 24 of one light emitting element 10, oneCF 33 a provided to correspond to the light emitting element 10 (in theillustrated example, a CF 33R), and the display surface 101 of thedisplay device 1.

As shown in FIG. 8 to FIG. 11, a case where the viewing angle of thefocused-on pixel is θ₀ means a case where, when emission light from theluminescence section 24 passes through the CF 33R and other mediumlayers (the first member 51, the protection film 31, the planarizingfilm 32, etc. described with reference to FIG. 2) and is emitted fromthe display surface 101, light is emitted in a direction at an angle ofθ₀ from the direction perpendicular to the display surface 101. Here, itis assumed that the medium layers other than the CF 33R contain auniform material, for the sake of simplicity; if the refractive index ofthis material is denoted by n₁, the refractive index of the CF 33R isdenoted by n₂, and the refractive index of an air layer on the outsideof the display surface 101 is denoted by no, the emission angle θ₁ ofemission light from the luminescence section 24 (the angle of emissionlight with respect to the direction perpendicular to the luminescencesurface of the luminescence section 24) when emission light from thedisplay surface 101 has an angle of θ₀ can be expressed by MathematicalFormula (1) below from the law of refraction.

$\begin{matrix}{\lbrack {{Math}.\mspace{11mu} 1} \rbrack\mspace{650mu}} & \; \\{\theta_{1} = {\arcsin( \frac{n_{0}{\sin( \theta_{0} )}}{n_{1}} )}} & (1)\end{matrix}$

In other words, if light emitted from the luminescence section 24 at anemission angle of θ₁ passes through the CF 33R and the other mediumlayers and travels, light with a viewing angle of θ₀ is emitted from thedisplay surface 101. Therefore, the amount of misalignment L of the CF33R for obtaining light with a viewing angle of θ₀ on the displaysurface 101 may be set as a such a value that light emitted from theluminescence section 24 at an emission angle of θ₁ passes through the CF33R and the other medium layers. Here, medium layers such as the firstmember 51 and the protection film 31 exist immediately above theluminescence section 24 as described with reference to FIG. 2, andemission light from the luminescence section 24 necessarily passesthrough these medium layers because of the structure; hence, there is noneed to consider conditions for emission light from the luminescencesection 24 to pass through these medium layers. Therefore, in the end,the amount of misalignment L of the CF 33R for obtaining light with aviewing angle of θ₀ on the display surface 101 may be set as such avalue that emission light with an emission angle of θ₁ from theluminescence section 24 passes through the CF 33R. Thus, in the presentembodiment, the amount of misalignment L of the CF 33R is set as such avalue that emission light with an emission angle of θ₁ from theluminescence section 24 is incident on the lower surface of the CF 33R.

First, it is assumed that light is emitted from one point of the centerof the luminescence surface of the luminescence section 24, for the sakeof simplicity; and the range of the amount of misalignment L of the CF33R in this case is set. In this event, the case where the value of theamount of misalignment L of the CF 33R is largest is a case whereemission light from the center of the luminescence surface of theluminescence section 24 is incident on an end of the lower surface ofthe CF 33R on a side near to the luminescence section 24. FIG. 8 showsthe positional relationship between the luminescence section 24 and theCF 33R and the locus of a light beam in such a case where emission lightfrom the center of the luminescence surface of the luminescence section24 is incident on an end of the lower surface of the CF 33R on a sidenear to the luminescence section 24 (in the illustrated example, theleft end). When the luminescence section 24 and the CF 33R are in thepositional relationship shown in FIG. 8, the amount of misalignment L ofthe CF 33R can be expressed by Mathematical Formula (2) below fromgeometric consideration.

$\begin{matrix}{\lbrack {{Math}.\mspace{11mu} 2} \rbrack\mspace{650mu}} & \; \\{L = {{d + \frac{w_{2}}{2}} = {{g_{1}{\tan( \theta_{1} )}} + \frac{w_{2}}{2}}}} & (2)\end{matrix}$

Here, the width of the CF 33R is denoted by w₂, the distance in thestacking direction from the surface of the luminescence section 24 tothe lower surface of the CF 33R is denoted by g₁, and the distance inthe horizontal plane from the luminescence position in the luminescencesection 24 to the position where emission light is incident on the CF33R is denoted by d.

On the other hand, in a case where it is assumed that light is emittedfrom one point of the center of the luminescence surface of theluminescence section 24, the case where the value of the amount ofmisalignment L of the CF 33R is smallest is a case where emission lightfrom the center of the luminescence surface of the luminescence section24 is incident on an end of the lower surface of the CF 33R on a sidefar from the luminescence section 24. FIG. 9 shows the positionalrelationship between the luminescence section 24 and the CF 33R and thelocus of a light beam in such a case where emission light from thecenter of the luminescence surface of the luminescence section 24 isincident on an end of the lower surface of the CF 33R on a side far fromthe luminescence section 24 (in the illustrated example, the right end).When the luminescence section 24 and the CF 33R are in the positionalrelationship shown in FIG. 9, the amount of misalignment L of the CF 33Rcan be expressed by Mathematical Formula (3) below from geometricconsideration.

$\begin{matrix}{\lbrack {{Math}.\mspace{11mu} 3} \rbrack\mspace{650mu}} & \; \\{L = {{d - \frac{w_{2}}{2}} = {{g_{1}{\tan( \theta_{1} )}} - \frac{w_{2}}{2}}}} & (3)\end{matrix}$

From the above consideration, in a case where it is assumed that lightis emitted from one point of the center of the luminescence surface ofthe luminescence section 24, if the amount of misalignment L of the CF33R is set so as to satisfy Mathematical Formula (4) below, a viewingangle of θ₀ can be obtained for emission light from the display surface101.

$\begin{matrix}{\lbrack {{Math}.\mspace{11mu} 4} \rbrack\mspace{650mu}} & \; \\{{{g_{1}{\tan( \theta_{1} )}} - \frac{w_{2}}{2}} \leq L \leq {{g_{1}{\tan( \theta_{1} )}} + \frac{w_{2}}{2}}} & (4)\end{matrix}$

However, in practice, light may be emitted from the luminescence section24 also from areas other than the center of the luminescence surface ofthe luminescence section 24. Thus, next, the range of the amount ofmisalignment L of the CF 33R is set more finely by further taking intoaccount luminescence positions in the luminescence surface of theluminescence section 24. In a case where luminescence positions in theluminescence surface of the luminescence section 24 are taken intoaccount, the case where the value of the amount of misalignment L of theCF 33R is largest is a case where emission light from a luminescenceposition of the luminescence surface of the luminescence section 24nearest to the CF 33R is incident on the lower surface of the CF 33R.FIG. 10 shows the positional relationship between the luminescencesection 24 and the CF 33R and the locus of a light beam in such a casewhere emission light from a luminescence position of the luminescencesurface of the luminescence section 24 nearest to the CF 33R (in theillustrated example, the right end) is incident on the lower surface ofthe CF 33R. Note that FIG. 10 shows, as an example, the positionalrelationship between the luminescence section 24 and the CF 33R and thelocus of a light beam in a case where emission light from theluminescence section 24 is incident on an end of the lower surface ofthe CF 33R on a side near to the luminescence section 24 (in theillustrated example, the left end), like in the case shown in FIG. 8.When the luminescence section 24 and the CF 33R are in the positionalrelationship shown in FIG. 10, the amount of misalignment L of the CF33R can be expressed by Mathematical Formula (5) below from geometricconsideration. Here, the width of the luminescence section 24 is denotedby w₁.

$\begin{matrix}{\lbrack {{Math}.\mspace{11mu} 5} \rbrack\mspace{650mu}} & \; \\{L = {{d + \frac{w_{2}}{2} + \frac{w_{1}}{2}} = {{g_{1}{\tan( \theta_{1} )}} + \frac{w_{2}}{2} + \frac{w_{1}}{2}}}} & (5)\end{matrix}$

On the other hand, in a case where luminescence positions in theluminescence surface of the luminescence section 24 are taken intoaccount, the case where the value of the amount of misalignment L of theCF 33R is smallest is a case where emission light from a luminescenceposition of the luminescence surface of the luminescence section 24farthest from the CF 33R is incident on the lower surface of the CF 33R.FIG. 11 shows the positional relationship between the luminescencesection 24 and the CF 33R and the locus of a light beam in such a casewhere emission light from a luminescence position of the luminescencesurface of the luminescence section 24 farthest from the CF 33R (in theillustrated example, the left end) is incident on the lower surface ofthe CF 33R. Note that FIG. 11 shows, as an example, the positionalrelationship between the luminescence section 24 and the CF 33R and thelocus of a light beam in a case where emission light from theluminescence section 24 is incident on an end of the lower surface ofthe CF 33R on a side near to the luminescence section 24 (in theillustrated example, the left end), like in the case shown in FIG. 8.When the luminescence section 24 and the CF 33R are in the positionalrelationship shown in FIG. 11, the amount of misalignment L of the CF33R can be expressed by Mathematical Formula (6) below from geometricconsideration.

$\begin{matrix}{\lbrack {{Math}.\mspace{11mu} 6} \rbrack\mspace{644mu}} & \; \\{L = {{d + \frac{w_{2}}{2} - \frac{w_{1}}{2}} = {{g_{1}\;{\tan( \theta_{1} )}} + \frac{w_{2}}{2} - \frac{w_{1}}{2}}}} & (6)\end{matrix}$

In FIG. 10 and FIG. 11 above, the case shown in FIG. 8 is envisaged, andthe amount of misalignment L of the CF 33R in a case where emissionlight from the luminescence section 24 is incident on an end of thelower surface of the CF 33R on a side near to the luminescence section24 is calculated; this similarly applies to the case shown in FIG. 9where emission light from the luminescence section 24 is incident on anend of the lower surface of the CF 33R on a side far from theluminescence section 24. Therefore, in the end, the range of values thatthe amount of misalignment L of the CF 33R can take in order to obtain aviewing angle of θ₀ for emission light from the display surface 101 canbe expressed by Mathematical Formula (7) below. In other words, if theamount of misalignment L of the CF 33R is set so as to satisfyMathematical Formula (7) below, a viewing angle of θ₀ can be obtainedfor emission light from the display surface 101.

$\begin{matrix}{\lbrack {{Math}.\mspace{11mu} 7} \rbrack\mspace{650mu}} & \; \\{{{g_{1}{\tan( \theta_{1} )}} - \frac{w_{2}}{2} - \frac{w_{1}}{2}} \leq L \leq {{g_{1}{\tan( \theta_{1} )}} + \frac{w_{2}}{2} + \frac{w_{1}}{2}}} & (7)\end{matrix}$

Hereinabove, a method for setting the amount of misalignment L of the CF33R is described. Note that, in the above example, medium layers aretreated as a uniform material and the range that the amount ofmisalignment L of the CF 33 a can take is calculated on the assumptionthat the refractive index of this material is n₂, for the sake ofsimplicity; in a case where it is attempted to find the range of theamount of misalignment L more strictly, the structure of an actualdisplay device 1 like that shown in FIG. 2 may be envisaged, and asimilar calculation may be performed while the refractive index of eachlayer is taken into account.

4. MODIFICATION EXAMPLES

Some modification examples of the embodiment described hereinabove willnow be described.

(4-1. Methods for Creating Relative Misalignment Between Light EmittingElement and CF)

In the embodiment described above, in order to create a relativemisalignment between the light emitting element 10 and the CF 33 a, atransition region 201 in which the area of the CF 33 a is different fromthe area of another normal CF 33 a is provided in the CF layer 33, asdescribed with reference to FIG. 6 and FIG. 7. However, in the presentembodiment, the method for creating a relative misalignment between thelight emitting element 10 and the CF 33 a is not limited to the methodmentioned above, and may be other methods.

A modification example in which a relative misalignment between thelight emitting element 10 and the CF 33 a is created by another methodwill now be described with reference to FIG. 12. FIG. 12 is a diagramfor describing another method for creating a relative misalignmentbetween the light emitting element 10 and the CF 33 a. In FIG. 12, likein FIG. 3 and FIG. 7, a cross-sectional structure in the stackingdirection of a display device 1 a according to the present modificationexample is simplified, and only the first substrate 11, the lightemitting element 10, the second member 52, and the CF layer 33 areshown. Note that the display device 1 a according to the presentmodification example has a similar configuration to the display device 1according to the above embodiment except that the method for creating arelative misalignment between the light emitting element 10 and the CF33 a is different. Therefore, in the following description regarding thepresent modification example, matters different from the aboveembodiment are mainly described, and a detailed description of mattersdifferent from the above embodiment is omitted.

In the present modification example, like in the above embodiment, theinside of the display surface of the display device 1 a is divided intoa plurality of regions, and the amount of misalignment L and themisalignment direction may be set for each region in accordance with theposition in the display surface of the region. FIG. 12 shows, as anexample, region 203 in which the amount of misalignment L of the CF 33a=0, region 205 that is adjacent to region 203 and in which the amountof misalignment L of the CF 33 a is a prescribed value that is not zero,and a transition region 207 provided between region 203 and region 205,similarly to FIG. 7. As illustrated, in the present modificationexample, the transition region 207 is formed as a region in which thepitch with which light emitting elements 10 are arranged (that is, thepixel spacing) is narrower than a normal pitch of another region.Further, in the transition region 207, the pixel spacing is adjustedsuch that the arrangement pitch of the light emitting element 10 isreduced on the misalignment side. Thereby, in region 205, the center ofthe CF 33 a is placed to be shifted in the horizontal plane from thecenter of the luminescence surface of the luminescence section 24 by anamount of misalignment L>0 in the direction in which the arrangementpitch of the light emitting element 10 is reduced. Also betweennot-shown other regions, the amount of misalignment L and/or themisalignment direction can be changed between regions by providing asimilar transition region 207.

Note that, also in the present modification example, the amount ofmisalignment L and the misalignment direction may be set not on a regionbasis but on a pixel basis, and the amount of misalignment L and themisalignment direction may be changed in a continuous manner betweenpixels in accordance with the position in the display surface of thepixel, like in the above embodiment. Further, the misalignment directionof the CF 33 a may be only one of the horizontal direction and thevertical direction of the display surface 101, or may be atwo-dimensional arbitrary direction in the horizontal plane.

Furthermore, as another method for creating a relative misalignmentbetween the light emitting element 10 and the CF 33 a, a region in whichthe CF 33 a is not provided may be formed in the CF layer 33. Forexample, in a case where, like in the above embodiment, the inside ofthe display surface of the display device is divided into a plurality ofregions, and the amount of misalignment L and the misalignment directionare set for each region in accordance with the position in the displaysurface of the region, a transition region between regions is formed asa region with a prescribed distance in which the CF 33 a is notprovided. For example, if a region in which the CF 33 a is not providedis provided as a transition region by an amount of ⅓ of the arrangementpitch of the light emitting element 10, the center of the luminescencesurface of the light emitting element 10 and the center of the CF 33 ain the horizontal plane are shifted between before and after thetransition region by ⅓ of the arrangement pitch of the light emittingelement 10 in the direction in which the region in which the CF 33 a isnot provided is formed. That is, the amount of misalignment L and themisalignment direction can be changed between before and after thetransition region.

(4-2. Configuration in which Reflector is not Provided)

In the embodiment described above, the reflector 53 is provided betweenpixels for luminance improvement (see FIG. 2). However, the presentembodiment is not limited to this example, and the achievement of theobject of improving the viewing angle characteristics does notnecessarily requires the reflector 53 being provided.

A modification example in which such a reflector 53 is not provided willnow be described with reference to FIG. 13. FIG. 13 is a diagram showinga configuration example of a display device 1 b according to amodification example in which the reflector 53 is not provided. In FIG.13, a cross-sectional structure in the stacking direction of the displaydevice 1 b according to the present modification example is simplified,and only the first substrate 11, the light emitting element 10, a secondmember 52 a, and the CF layer 33 are shown, like in FIG. 3 and FIG. 7.Note that the display device 1 b according to the present modificationexample has a similar configuration to the display device 1 according tothe above embodiment except that the reflector 53 is not provided.Therefore, in the following description regarding the presentmodification example, matters different from the above embodiment aremainly described, and a detailed description of matters different fromthe above embodiment is omitted.

As shown in FIG. 13, in the display device 1 b according to the presentmodification example, a second member 52 a that is provided betweenpixels and functions as a pixel defining film that defines the pixel isprovided in place of the second member 52 of the display device 1according to the above embodiment. The second member 52 a is formed as alayer having a thinner film thickness than the second member 52 in theabove embodiment. Hence, the area of the side wall of the opening of thesecond member 52 a, which is a region immediately above the luminescencesection of the light emitting element 10, is not sufficiently ensured(that is, for a first member embedded in the opening of the secondmember 52 a, relations like those described above are not sufficientlyensured for the height, or the area of the light incidence surface orthe light emitting surface), and the surface of the second member 52 acannot function as a reflector. That is, the display device 1 b is adisplay device in which a reflector is not provided.

Also in such a display device 1 b in which a reflector is not provided,by creating a relative misalignment between the light emitting element10 and the CF 33 a, wide viewing angle characteristics can be improvedfor the pixel including the light emitting element in the direction inwhich the CF 33 a is shifted relatively, like in the above embodiment.That is, similar effects to the above embodiment can be obtained.

(4-3. Other Methods for Setting Amount of Misalignment L)

As described in (3. With regard to amount of misalignment of CF) above,in the embodiment described above, the amount of misalignment L of theCF 33 a is set by prescribing conditions where emission light from theluminescence section 24 is incident on the lower surface of the CF 33R.However, the present embodiment is not limited to this example. Forexample, it is presumed that, depending on the characteristics ofemission light from the luminescence section 24, the characteristics ofthe CF 33 a, etc., color conversion will be performed appropriately andlight of desired characteristics can be emitted from the display surface101 even in a case where emission light from the luminescence section 24is incident on the side surface of the CF 33 a. Thus, the amount ofmisalignment L of the CF 33 a may be set taking into account also a casewhere emission light from the luminescence section 24 is incident on theside surface of the CF 33 a.

Such a modification example in which the amount of misalignment L of theCF 33 a is set taking into account also a case where emission light fromthe luminescence section 24 is incident on the side surface of the CF 33a will now be described with reference to FIG. 14. FIG. 14 is a diagramfor describing a method for setting the amount of misalignment L of theCF 33 a taking into account also a case where emission light from theluminescence section 24 is incident on the side surface of the CF 33 a.Similarly to FIG. 8 to FIG. 11, FIG. 14 simulatively shows theluminescence section 24 of one light emitting element 10 provided in adisplay device according to the present modification example, one CF 33a provided to correspond to the light emitting element 10 (in theillustrated example, a CF 33R), and the display surface 101 of thedisplay device. Further, medium layers are treated as layers containinga uniform material with a refractive index of n₂.

Herein, it is assumed that light is emitted from one point of the centerof the luminescence surface of the luminescence section 24, for the sakeof simplicity. In this event, in a case where emission light from theluminescence section 24 is incident on the side surface of the CF 33 a,the case where the value of the amount of displacement L of the CF 33Ris largest is a case where emission light from the luminescence section24 is incident on the vicinity of the upper end of the side surface ofthe CF 33 a. Herein, a case where emission light from the luminescencesection 24 is incident on the upper end of the side surface of the CF 33a is assumed for the sake of simplicity. FIG. 14 shows the positionalrelationship between the luminescence section 24 and the CF 33R and thelocus of a light beam in such a case where emission light from theluminescence section 24 is incident on the upper end of the side surfaceof the CF 33R. When the luminescence section 24 and the CF 33R are inthe positional relationship shown in FIG. 14, the amount of misalignmentL of the CF 33R can be expressed by Mathematical Formula (8) below fromgeometric consideration.

$\begin{matrix}{\lbrack {{Math}.\mspace{11mu} 8} \rbrack\mspace{644mu}} & \; \\{L = {{d + \frac{w_{2}}{2}} = {{d_{1} + w_{p} + \frac{w_{2}}{2}} = {{g_{1}{\tan( \theta_{1} )}} + {h_{2}{\tan( \theta_{1} )}} + \frac{w_{2}}{2}}}}} & (8)\end{matrix}$

Here, the thickness of the CF 33R is denoted by h₂; within the distanced in the horizontal plane from the luminescence position in theluminescence section 24 to the position where emission light is incidenton the CF 33R, the length of a portion corresponding to the distance g₁in the stacking direction from the surface of the luminescence section24 to the lower surface of the CF 33R is denoted by d₁; and within thedistance d, the length of a portion corresponding to the thickness h₂ ofthe CF 33R is denoted by w_(p).

Thus, the upper limit value of the range that the amount of displacementL of the CF 33R can take is made larger by taking into account also acase where emission light from the luminescence section 24 is incidenton the side surface of the CF 33 a. In FIG. 14, it is assumed that lightis emitted from one point of the center of the luminescence surface ofthe luminescence section 24; however, if also a case where light isemitted from other parts in the luminescence surface is taken intoaccount like in the consideration in (3. With regard to amount ofmisalignment of CF) above, the range that the amount of displacement Lof the CF 33R can take can be expressed by Mathematical Formula (9)below, in the end. In other words, in the present modification example,if the amount of misalignment L of the CF 33R is set so as to satisfyMathematical Formula (9) below, a viewing angle of θ₀ can be obtainedfor emission light from the display surface 101. Note that, in practice,if emission light from the luminescence section 24 is not incident on“the vicinity of the upper end” of the side surface of the CF 33 a, theemission light does not pass through the CF 33 a and color conversion isnot performed appropriately; hence, in Mathematical Formula (9) below, acase where emission light from the luminescence section 24 is incidenton “the upper end” of the side surface of the CF 33 a, that is, a casewhere L is equal to the upper limit value is excluded.

$\begin{matrix}{\lbrack {{Math}.\mspace{11mu} 9} \rbrack\mspace{650mu}} & \; \\{{{g_{1}{\tan( \theta_{1} )}} - \frac{w_{2}}{2} - \frac{w_{1}}{2}} \leq L < {{g_{1}{\tan( \theta_{1} )}} + {h_{2}{\tan( \theta_{1} )}} + \frac{w_{2}}{2} + \frac{w_{1}}{2}}} & (9)\end{matrix}$

Note that, instead of analytically setting the amount of misalignment Las described hereinabove, an optimum amount of misalignment and anoptimum misalignment direction of the CF 33 a, and an optimumdistribution of CFs 33 a in the display surface may be found in a trialand error manner by repeatedly performing an optical simulation and anexperiment using a sample fabricated on the basis of the simulationresult, as another method for setting the amount of misalignment L ofthe CF 33 a.

Hereinabove, some modification examples regarding the present embodimentare described. Note that the configurations that the display deviceaccording to the present embodiment can have and the configurations thatthe display devices according to the modification examples can have,which are described hereinabove, may be used in combination with eachother within the extent of feasibility. For example, the methodsdescribed above may be combined in order to create a relativemisalignment between the light emitting element 10 and the CF 33 a, asappropriate.

5. APPLICATION EXAMPLES

Application examples of the display devices according to the embodimentand the modification examples described hereinabove will now bedescribed. Herein, some examples of electronic apparatuses in which thedisplay devices according to the embodiment and the modificationexamples described hereinabove can be used are described.

FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an external appearance of a smartphone thatis an example of the electronic apparatus in which the display devicesaccording to the present embodiment and the modification examples can beused. As shown in FIG. 15, a smartphone 301 includes an operationsection 303 that includes a button and accepts an operation input by theuser and a display section 305 that displays various pieces ofinformation. The display section 305 may include any of the displaydevices according to the present embodiment and the modificationexamples.

FIG. 16 and FIG. 17 are diagrams showing external appearances of adigital camera that is another example of the electronic apparatus inwhich the display devices according to the present embodiment and themodification examples can be used. FIG. 16 shows an external appearanceof a digital camera 311 as seen from the front side (the subject side),and FIG. 17 shows an external appearance of the digital camera 311 asseen from the rear side. As shown in FIG. 16 and FIG. 17, the digitalcamera 311 includes a main body section (camera body) 313, a replaceablelens unit 315, a grip section 317 that is gripped by the user duringphotographing, a monitor 319 that displays various pieces ofinformation, and an EVF 321 that displays a through image that isobserved by the user during photographing. The monitor 319 and the EVF321 may include any of the display devices according to the presentembodiment and the modification examples.

FIG. 18 is a diagram showing an external appearance of an HMD that isanother example of the electronic apparatus in which the display devicesaccording to the present embodiment and the modification examples can beused. As shown in FIG. 18, an HMD 331 includes an eyeglass-type displaysection 333 that displays various pieces of information and ear-fixingsections 335 that are fixed to the user's ears during wearing. Thedisplay section 333 may include any of the display devices according tothe present embodiment and the modification examples.

Hereinabove, some examples of the electronic apparatus in which thedisplay devices according to the present embodiment and the modificationexamples can be used are described. Note that the electronic apparatusin which the display devices according to the present embodiment and themodification examples can be used is not limited to those describedabove as examples, and the display device can be used for displaydevices that are mounted on electronic apparatuses in all fields thatperform display on the basis of an image signal inputted from theoutside or an image signal generated in the inside, such as a televisiondevice, an electronic book, a PDA, a notebook PC, a video camera, anHMD, and a game apparatus.

Example

The following experiment was performed in order to verify the effect ofimproving the viewing angle characteristics by the display device 1according to the present embodiment described above. In the experiment,a sample of a display device having a configuration similar to theconfiguration of the display device 1 according to the presentembodiment shown in FIG. 2 was produced, the display device was actuallydriven, and differences in chromaticity in accordance with the viewingangle of light emitted from the display surface were measured. Aconfiguration in which sub-pixels of four colors of red, green, blue,and white were combined as one pixel was used as a luminescence pixel(that is, three colors of red, green, and blue were used as CFs). Thespacing between pixels each including sub-pixels of four colors was setto 6.8 μm. Further, the film thickness of the CF was set to 2 μm.

However, in the fabricated display device, a region in which a relativemisalignment between the light emitting element and the CF was createdby an amount of misalignment L was formed only in a part of the displaysurface by using a configuration similar to the configuration shown inFIG. 6 and FIG. 7; in the other regions, like in a common configuration,a relative misalignment between the light emitting element and the CFwas not created, and the center of the luminescence surface of the lightemitting element and the center of the CF in the horizontal plane werecaused to substantially coincide (that is, the amount of misalignment Lwas set to L=0). In the present experiment, a desired viewing angle onthe display surface was set to 30°; in the region mentioned above inwhich a relative misalignment between the light emitting element and theCF was created, the misalignment direction of the CF was set to the samedirection as the direction in which the viewing angle mentioned abovewas intended to be obtained. Further, the amount of misalignment L inthis region was set by the method described in (3. With regard to amountof misalignment of CF) above, taking into account the refractive index,thickness, etc. of each layer of the fabricated display device.Specifically, L=0.6 μm was used as a value satisfying MathematicalFormula (7) above.

The display device was actually driven, and the u′v′ chromaticity pointof each of red, green, and blue was measured for emission light from thedisplay surface, using a spectrophotometer (CS-2000, manufactured byKonica Minolta, Inc.). The u′v′ chromaticity point was measured in eachof a position corresponding to a viewing angle of 30° for emission lightfrom a region in which a relative misalignment between the lightemitting element and the CF was created (a misalignment-created region),a position corresponding to a viewing angle of 30° for emission lightfrom a region in which a relative misalignment between the lightemitting element and the CF was not created (a misalignment-not-createdregion), and a position corresponding to a viewing angle of 0° foremission light from the misalignment-not-created region. The results areshown in Table 1 below.

TABLE 1 Luminescent color u′ v′ Misalignment-created region (L = Red0.39 0.54 0.6 um) Green 0.15 0.57 Measured point: a position Blue 0.180.21 corresponding to a viewing angle of 30° Misalignment-not-createdregion (L = Red 0.35 0.54 0) Green 0.15 0.56 Measured point: a positionBlue 0.18 0.32 corresponding to a viewing angle of 30°Misalignment-not-created region (L = Red 0.39 0.54 0) Green 0.14 0.57Measured point: a position Blue 0.18 0.20 corresponding to a viewingangle of 0°

In Table 1 above, if attention is focused on the measurement values ofthe u′v′ chromaticity point in the position corresponding to a viewingangle of 30° in the misalignment-created region, it can be seen thatvalues substantially equal to the values of the u′v′ chromaticity pointin the position corresponding to a viewing angle of 0° in themisalignment-not-created region have been obtained. From this result, itcan be seen that, by using the configuration according to the presentembodiment, values of the u′v′ chromaticity point equal to the values ina case where the display surface is viewed from the front have beenobtained at a desired viewing angle, and an improvement in viewing anglecharacteristics has been achieved.

On the other hand, if the measurement values of the u′v′ chromaticitypoint in the position corresponding to a viewing angle of 30° in themisalignment-not-created region and the u′v′ chromaticity point in theposition corresponding to a viewing angle of 0° in themisalignment-not-created region are compared, it can be seen thatparticularly the value of the v′ chromaticity point of blue is greatlydifferent by 0.12. It is generally said that, if the u′v′ chromaticitypoint is changed by more than or equal to 0.05, a person can recognize achange in color; thus, this result shows that there is a possibilitythat the color of emission light from the misalignment-not-createdregion will be changed to such a degree that the user can clearlyrecognize a change between in a case where the viewing angle is 0° andin a case where it is 30°.

From the above results, it has been verified that the viewing anglecharacteristics can be improved by using the display device 1 accordingto the present embodiment.

6. SUPPLEMENT

The preferred embodiment(s) of the present disclosure has/have beendescribed above with reference to the accompanying drawings, whilst thepresent disclosure is not limited to the above examples. A personskilled in the art may find various alterations and modifications withinthe scope of the appended claims, and it should be understood that theywill naturally come under the technical scope of the present disclosure.

For example, although in the above an embodiment in which the displaydevice is an organic EL display is described as an example of thepresent disclosure, the present disclosure is not limited to thisexample. The display device that is an object of the present disclosuremay be various display devices as long as they are display devices thatcan achieve color display by using CFs, such as a liquid crystaldisplay, a plasma display, and an electronic paper device. Also in theseother display devices, similar effects to the embodiment described abovecan be obtained by arranging light emitting sections and CFs in such amanner that, in at least a partial region in the display surface, arelative misalignment between the center of the luminescence surface ofa light emitting section and the center of the CF corresponding to thelight emitting section is created in a plane perpendicular to thestacking direction. Here, the light emitting section is a part that isincluded in each pixel of the display device and that emits light towardthe outside. For example, in an organic EL display like the embodimentdescribed hereinabove, the light emitting section corresponds to a lightemitting element. Further, for example in a liquid crystal display, thelight emitting section corresponds to a region corresponding to onepixel of a liquid crystal panel. Further, for example in a plasmadisplay, the light emitting section corresponds to a regioncorresponding to one discharge cell of a plasma display panel.

Further, the effects described in this specification are merelyillustrative or exemplified effects, and are not limitative. That is,with or in the place of the above effects, the technology according tothe present disclosure may achieve other effects that are clear to thoseskilled in the art from the description of this specification.

Additionally, the present technology may also be configured as below.

(1)

A display device including:

a plurality of light emitting sections formed on a substrate; and

a color filter provided on the light emitting section to correspond toeach of the plurality of light emitting sections,

in which the light emitting sections and the color filters are arrangedsuch that, in at least a partial region in a display surface, a relativemisalignment between a center of a luminescence surface of the lightemitting section and a center of the color filter corresponding to thelight emitting section is created in a plane perpendicular to a stackingdirection.

(2)

The display device according to (1),

in which areas of the plurality of color filters have a distribution inthe display surface, and thereby the relative misalignment is created.

(3)

The display device according to (2),

in which a plurality of regions are set in the display surface and anarea of a color filter located between adjacent ones of the regions isdifferent from an area of another color filter, and thereby the relativemisalignment is created with amounts of misalignment different from eachother between regions.

(4)

The display device according to (2),

in which the areas of the plurality of color filters gradually change inthe display surface, and thereby the relative misalignment is created.

(5)

The display device according to any one of (1) to (4),

in which a pitch with which the light emitting sections are arranged onthe substrate is different in at least a partial region from the pitchin another region, and thereby the relative misalignment is created.

(6)

The display device according to any one of (1) to (5),

in which an amount of misalignment of the relative misalignment becomeslarger with proximity to an outer edge of the display surface.

(7)

The display device according to any one of (1) to (6),

in which an amount of misalignment in the relative misalignment and amisalignment direction of the center of the color filter correspondingto the light emitting section with respect to the center of theluminescence surface of the light emitting section in the planeperpendicular to the stacking direction are set in accordance with aviewing angle required of a pixel including the light emitting sectionand the color filter in which the relative misalignment is created.

(8)

The display device according to any one of (1) to (7),

in which, in the relative misalignment, a misalignment direction of thecenter of the color filter corresponding to the light emitting sectionwith respect to the center of the luminescence surface of the lightemitting section in the plane perpendicular to the stacking direction isa direction from a center of the display surface toward a position wherethe light emitting section and the color filter in which the relativemisalignment is created exist in the display surface.

(9)

The display device according to any one of (1) to (8), furtherincluding:

a first member provided immediately above the light emitting section,having a substantially truncated conical or pyramidal shape in which across-sectional area in an in-plane direction perpendicular to thestacking direction gradually increases with proximity to a top, andconfigured to propagate emission light from the light emitting section;and

a second member provided between the first members, between adjacentones of the light emitting sections,

in which a refractive index of the first member is larger than arefractive index of the second member.

(10)

The display device according to any one of (1) to (9),

in which the light emitting section is a light emitting elementincluding an organic light emitting diode, and

the display device is an organic EL display.

(11)

An electronic apparatus including:

a display device configured to perform display on a basis of an imagesignal,

in which the display device includes

-   -   a plurality of light emitting sections formed on a substrate,        and    -   a color filter provided on the light emitting section to        correspond to each of the plurality of light emitting sections,        and

the light emitting sections and the color filters are arranged suchthat, in at least a partial region in a display surface, a relativemisalignment between a center of a luminescence surface of the lightemitting section and a center of the color filter corresponding to thelight emitting section is created in a plane perpendicular to a stackingdirection.

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST

-   1, 1 a, 1 b display device-   10 light emitting element-   11 first substrate-   15 TFT-   21 first electrode-   22 second electrode-   23 organic layer-   24 luminescence section-   25 opening-   31 protection film-   32 planarizing film-   33 CF layer-   33R, 33G, 33B CF-   34 second substrate-   35 sealing resin film-   51 first member-   52 second member-   53 reflector-   101 display surface-   301 smartphone (electronic apparatus)-   311 digital camera (electronic apparatus)-   331 HMD (electronic apparatus)

1. (canceled)
 2. A display device including: a first area and a secondarea; in the first area, a plurality of first light emitting sectionsformed on a substrate and a plurality of first color filters provided onthe first light emitting sections, and each of the plurality of firstlight emitting sections corresponding to each of the first colorfilters, in the second area, a plurality of second light emittingsections formed on the substrate and a plurality of second color filtersprovided on the second light emitting sections, and each of theplurality of second light emitting sections corresponding to each of thesecond color filters, wherein a first distance L1 is a distance betweena center of one of the first light emitting sections and a center of acorresponding one of the first color filters in a first cross sectionalview, wherein a second distance L2 is a distance between a center of oneof the second light emitting sections and a center of a correspondingone of the second color filters in a second cross sectional view, andwherein the first distance L1 and the second distance L2 are different.3. The display device according to claim 2, wherein the first area islocated in a center area of a display surface and the second area islocated in a periphery of the display surface.
 4. The display deviceaccording to claim 2, wherein the first distance L1 is smaller than thesecond distance L2.
 5. The display device according to claim 2, whereinthe first area and the second area are located along either one of ahorizontal direction and a vertical direction.
 6. The display deviceaccording to claim 2, further comprising: a third area, in the thirdarea, a plurality of third light emitting sections formed on thesubstrate and a plurality of third color filters provided on the thirdlight emitting sections, and each of the plurality of third lightemitting sections corresponding to each of the third color filters,wherein a third distance L3 is a distance between a center of one of thethird light emitting sections and a center of a corresponding one of thethird color filters in a third cross sectional view.
 7. The displaydevice according to claim 6, wherein the third area is located betweenthe first area and the second area.